Weaving with double wire motion



, 1961 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH WEAVING WITH DOUBLE WIRE MOTION April 25 2Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Feb. 28, 1958 INVENTOR ATTORNEYS 1961 F. w. E.HOESELBARTH 2,981,292

WEAVING WITH DOUBLE WIRE MOTION April 25 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Feb. 28,1958 INVENTOR flaw? wz/mesezadrfl United States Patent WEAVING WITHDOUBLE WIRE MOTION Frank W. E. Hoeselbarth, Carlisle, Pa., assignor toC. H.

Masland & Sons, Carlisle, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Filed Feb.28, 1958, Ser. No. 718,309

11 Claims. (Cl. 139 -39) The present invention relates to processes ofweaving pile fabric, particularly carpets and rugs.

This application has been divided and the subject matter relating to thefabric is embodied in application Serial No. 825,099, filed July 6,1959, for WovenFabric.

A purpose of the invention is to strengthen and support the pile of apile fabric by providing interlocking of a plurality of staggered pileprojections.

A further purpose is to strengthen and support a pile projection formedover a wire introduced with an upper Weft by a pile projection formedover a wire introduced with a lower weft and vice versa.

A further purpose is to stagger in the face of a pile fabric one set ofpiie projections raised over alternate upper wefts with another set ofpile projections rising between adjoining pairs of adjoining upperwefts.

A further purpose is to stagger, in the pile of a pile fabric such as acaipet or rug, one set of pile projections raised over alternate upperwefts and bound beneath spaced upper wefts, another set of pileprojections raised over intervening alternate upper wefts and boundbeneath spaced upper wefts, and a third set of pile projections risingin the pile between pairs of adjoining upper wefts and bound beneathsuch adjoining upper wefts.

A further purpose is to provide mutual support in the pile of a pilefabric by one set of pile projections raised over alternate upper weftsand bound beneath spaced upper wefts, a second set of pile projectionsraised over intervening alternate upper wefts and bound beneath spacedupper wefts, and a third set of pile projections raised between spacedpairs of adjoining upper wefts and bound beneath such adjoining upperwefts, and desirably also a fourth set of pile projections risingbetween intervening spaced pairs of adjoining upper wefts and boundbeneath such upper wefts.

A further purpose is to form in a particular pattern area one set ofmutually supporting pattern projections rising between pairs ofadjoining upper wefts and bound beneath such adjoining upper wefts, andpile projections which rise over at least two adjoining nip-per weftsand are bound beneath upper wefts on either side.

A further purpose in the above fabric is to make one set of pileprojections cut and the others uncut.

A further purpose is to produce in the same pile fabric a first areahaving one set of pile projections rising over alternate upper wefts andbound beneath spaced upper wefts, and a second staggering set of pileprojections rising over intervening alternate upper wefts and boundbeneath spaced upper wefts, and in a second pattern area of the samefabric using the same pile warp ends to form one set of pile projectionsrising between spaced alternate pairs of adjoining upper wefts and boundbeneath adjoining upper wefts, and a second set ofpile projectionsrising between intervening spaced alternate pairs of pile and boundbeneath such adjoining pile projections.

A further purpose is to produce in the same pile fabric such as a carpetor rug, one pattern area having one set of pile projections which riseover spaced alternate upper 2,981,292 Patented Apr. 25, 1961 wefts andare bound beneath spaced upper wefts, and the second set of pileprojections which rise over intervening alternate upper wefts and arebound beneath spaced upper wefts, and in the same fabric using the samepile neath upper wefts on either side thereof.

A further purpose is to produce in a pile fabric, such as a carpet orrug, a first pattern area having a first set of pile projections whichrise in the pile between spaced intermediate pairs of adjoining upperwefts and are bound beneath such adjoining upper wefts, and a second setof pile projections which rise in the pile between intervening alternatepairs of adjoining upper wefts and are bound beneath such adjoiningupper wefts, and using the same pile warp ends in another pattern areato produce a first set of pile projections which rise in the pilebetween pairs of adjoining upper wefts and are bound beneath upper weftson either side thereof.

Further purposes appear in the specification and in the claims.

In the drawings I have chosen to illustrate a few only of the manyembodiments in which the invention may appear, selecting the forms shownfrom the standpoints of convenience in illustration, satisfactoryoperation and clear demonstration of the principles involved.

Figure l is a standard waipwise weave diagram showing one fabricaccording to the invention.

Figures 2 to 5 are views similar to Figure 1 but showing variations.

Describing in illustration but not in limitation and referring to thedrawings:

The features of the invention can be applied in Wilton or Brusselscarpet, and also in some cases in velvet or tapestry. I

In the prior art, mutual support of pile projections has been obtainedby using staggered sets of pile pro jections woven over adjoining weftsof similar character, such as upper wefts, and also by use of floatscombined with normal pile;

By the present invention, however, it is possible to obtain much closersupport by staggering a series of pile projections formed over upperwefts with a series of pile projections formed over the next lowerwefts, so that two staggered pile projections or two mutually supportingpile projections occur in the same cycle, instead of in successivecycles.

It is also possible by the present invention to make uneven repeats in astaggered section of pile projections, for example two pile projectionsformed over upper wefts, then three pile projections formed over lowerwefts, so that throughout the repeat a changing relation occurs betweena pair of pile projections formed over lower wefts which have betweenthem a pile projection formed over an upper weft and then a pair of pileprojections formed over lower wefts which have no pile projection formedover an upper weft between them.

It is also possible according to the present invention to form a seriesof pile projections over lower wefts or, to express it another way,between adjoining upper wefts, and to raise between alternate pairs ofsuch pile projections one set of pile warp ends, and between interveningalternate pairs of such pile projections another set of pile warp endsso'that the support is provided by pile warp ends which create differenteffects in different rows;

The contrast can be particularly pronounced where one In some cases aconstruction having excellent mutual support of pile projections withgreater variety in effect is obtained by raising two staggered sets ofpile projections between adjoining wefts, and then raising also twostaggered sets of pile projections over staggered upper Watts andbinding them beneath spaced upper wefts on either side.

I The invention makes it possible to obtain cut and uncut pile of widelydifferent character in the same area. For example, it is possible toproduce floats over two adjoining upper wefts which are uncut, and pileprojections which may be cut rise between adjoining upper wefts andbound beneath such adjoining upper wefts.

It is also possible to provide combinations of effects by two sets ofpile projections in different pattern areas, one of which may be cut andthe other uncut, one of the pattern areas including staggered pileprojections, one of which is raised over alternate upper wefts and theother over intervening alternate upper wefts, and in another area toprovide staggered pile projections of two sets, one of which is raisedbetween staggered spaced sets of adjoining upper wefts and bound beneathsuch upper wef-ts and the other between intervening staggered spacedsets of upper wefts and bound beneath such adjoining upper wefts.

It is possible according to the invention to combine in the same fabricone pattern area having a staggered first set of pile projections raisedover alternate Upper wefts and bound beneath spaced upper wefts, and astaggered second set of pile projections raised over interveningalternate upper wefts and bound beneath spaced upper wefts, and in asecond pattern area to provide a staggered relationship between one setof pile projections rising between adjoining pairs of adjoining upperwefts and another set of pile projections rising above two supportingupper wefts and bound beneath upper Wetts on either side.

Considering now the drawings in detail, in several of the forms of theinvention I illustrate a first set of binder warp ends 20, a second setof binder warp ends 21, a set of stutter warp ends 22, pile warp ends 23of one set, pile warp ends 24 of another set (and in some cases alsopile warp ends 25 of a third set and pile warp ends 26 of a fourth set).The warp ends are interwoven by upper or binding wefts 27, which areabove the stutter warp ends as well known in carpets and rugs, and loweror back watts/28 which are below the stufr'er warp ends.

The question of whether a single set of binder warp ends or two sets ofbinder warp ends are interwoven in the back of the fabric is unimportantfrom the standpoint of the present invention. It is also unimportantwhether the wefts are inserted singly or in simultaneous pairs.

In the weave according to the invention, there are two essential stepsin forming the backing and raising the pile, although more than twosteps will usually be required to form a pile repeat.

In the step are shown at the extreme left in Figure l, pile warp ends 24are fully raised, and binder warp ends 21 are raised hall way, formingan upper shed 30, while all other ends are lowered, forming a lowershed. A shot of upper or binding weft 27 is inserted in the lower shed,and a wire 31 of one particular character is inserted in the upper shed.For the purpose of identification the wire 31 is generally referred toherein as the wire inserted with the upper or binding weft.

, In the next step of the cycle, binder warp ends 20 remain down, andall other warp ends are raised half way, forming a lower shed and anyend to be placed over a Wire is fully raised at that point, forming anupper shed. A shot of lower weft 28 is inserted in the lower shed and awire 32 is inserted in the upper shed. The wire 32 is referred to hereinfor identification usually as the wire inserted with the lower weft.However, in some cases the wire 32 is inserted with a mispick, and whereelsewhere reference is made to a wire inserted with the lower 4 weft, itis intended to include a wire inserted with a mispick.

In order to make eiiective use of the invention, the wire 31 insertedwith the upper weft is desirably of one character, and the wire insertedwith the lower weft is of a distinctly different character, for example,one cutting and one noncutting, one high and one low, one wavy and onestraight, one wavy of one height or character and another wavy ofanother height or character, one straight and one flag, or somecombination of these. It is of course contemplated that successive wiresinserted with the upper wefts may be of ditferent characters, as forexample difiering in height or differing in curvature of waviness, andsuccessive wires inserted with lower wefts may likewise be variant insome such manner. It will be evident, however, that for greatestadvantage the difference between pile projections formed over wiresinserted with upper wefts and pile projections formed over wiresinserted with lower wefts should be aggravated by difference incharacters of the Wires themselves.

The principles of the invention are applicable in some cases to weavingof velvet carpet, but in many cases it will be preferable to apply theinvention to Wilton weaving where a jacquard mechanism is used. Thus inFigure 1, illustrating 21 Wilton carpet, there are three pattern areasshown, designated as A, B and C. It will be understood that each ofthese pattern areas will normally be much more extensive than thatshown, but to economize on space only a limited number of pileprojections is illustrated without attempting numerous repeats.

In area A, pile warp ends 23 rise over alternate wires 31' and 31 whichare above alternate binding wefts 27' and 27 and these pile projectionswhich in this case are shown as being uncut are bound beneath spacedbinding wefts 27. Pile warp ends 24 rise in pile projections, in thiscase uncut, which are over intervening alternate wires 31 and 31 whichare above intervening alternate binding wefts 27 and 27 and are boundbeneath spaced binding wefts.

In the pattern area B, pile warp ends 23 rise above adjoining wires 31and 31 which were introduced with adjoining binding wefts 2.7 and 27",and are bound in on opposite sides of binding wefts 27 and 27 beneaththe next binding wefts. These pile projections, however, pass under theintervening wire 32' inserted with a lower weft, and thus are not cut bythis cutting wire but form an uncut float in an area having cut pile. Onthe other hand, pile warp ends 24 rise between adjoining binding wefts27 and 27 and extend over cutting wires 32' in this area to formrelatively high cut pile, since the cutting wires 32 are higher than thenoncutting wires 3-1.

On the other hand, in pattern area C as determined by the jacquardmechanism, pile warp ends 23 rise between spaced pairs of adjoiningbinding wefts and extend over wires 32 in this case cutting wires, andpile warp ends 24 rise between intervening spaced pairs of adjoiningbinding wefts over wires 32 in this case cutting wires. Between eachpoint where pile warp ends appear in the pile projections in patternarea C, they remain in the back beneath two upper wefts in a stretch 35.

In Figure 2 I illustrate a variation in a fabric according to theinvention which has a Staggered relation between pile projections, and arepeat in the staggered relation. Thus in this case pile warp ends 24pass over wires 32 introduced with the lower wefts, rising between andbound beneath adjoining binding wefts 27 throughout. The wires 32 arehigh cutting wires in this particular instance. Pile warp ends 23 on theother hand rise over alternate wires 31 introduced with the bindingWefts which are in this case low straight noncutting wires, and arebound beneath spaced binding wefts. Thus it will be seen that betweentwo successive high pile projections 36 and 37 there Will be a staggeredand supporting low pile projection 38 which crosses at points 40, butbetween pile projections 37 and the next pile projections 41 there areno crossed lower pile projections, tending to give firm support for somepile projections and not for others, and thus producing an alternatingor repeat effect.

In some cases it is desirable to have pile projections of a stilldifferent character appear between the pile projections 37 and 41 and atcorresponding points throughout the fabric. With this in view anadditional frame of pile warp ends 25 is inserted in Figure 3 which riseover wires 31 inserted with binding wefts which are alternating andintervening between the binding wefts over which the pile frame 23 risesin the pile.

Thus there are, successively in order throughout the repeat, pileprojections 36, pile projections 38, pile projections 37 and pileprojections 42 formed by the new frame 25. File projections 38 which arelow and noncutting in this case stagger with respect to low andnoncutting pile projections 42- and cross and support them at points 43above the back of the pile. Likewise pile projections 38 and 42 togethercross and support pile projections 36 and 37 which are relatively higherand in this case cut.

In some cases the high pile projections are to advantage provided by twodifferent frames, which of course will suitably be of different colorwhere desired. Thus in Figure 4-, pile warp ends 24 rise over wires 32introduced with lower wefts to form pi-le projections 44 which are boundbeneath two adjoining binding wefts 27 and which provide stretches 35 ofpile buried in the back. In intervening staggered relation are pileprojections 45 which are similarly raised over the intervening wires 32introduced with the lower wefts, and bound beneath two spaced bindingwefts at each side. The structure to this extent resembles the structurein area C of Figure 1. Superimposed on this however, are loops 38suitably relatively lower, formed by pile warp ends 23, and staggeredintervening loops 42 formed in this case by the additional frame 26.There is thus crossing at numerous points 46 which provide lateralsupport for the high pile projections.

In some cases, certain areas of the fabric of the present invention willbe provided with high, low or intermediate floats as desired, subject tothe jacquard control.

In order to illustrate that the weave of the invention can be producedon a one-shot basis and also that a single binder set 21 can weave inopposition to the stuifer warp 22, I illustrate in Figure 5 a one-shotweave which inserts the wires 31 with the binding wefts 27, and whichinserts the wires 32 in a second shed'in which no pick is introduced,and which can be described as a mispick. Thus from the standpoint ofshedding there are two steps in the cycle which are as follows:

In the first step binder warp ends 21 are raised half way, stuffer warpends 22 are lowered and all pile warp ends to be bound are lowered,forming a lower shed. All pile warp ends to be raised over the wireinserted with the binding weft are raised. Wire 31 is inserted in theupper'shed and binding weft 27 is inserted in the lower shed. The laybeats up the weft and the wire.

In the second step all ends to be raised over the wire inserted betweenbinding wefts are fully raised, and the other pile warp ends are loweredeither half way or fully (it does not matter in this case). No weft isinserted. Wire 32 is inserted in the uppershed. The lay heats up thewire.

As shown in Figure 5, using wavy noncutting wires 32 inserted betweenbinding wefts and straight noncutting wires inserted with the bindingwefts, pile warp ends 24 form high :fioat loops 4-7 over five wires andtwo binding wefts, being bound between binding wefts on either side,while in the same area pile warp ends 23 rise only over a single wire 31introduced with 'a binding weft to form loop 48, or extends below thewire and above the upper weft to form low float 51.

In another area pile warp ends 23 at some position across the fabricform high =fi0ats 52 over three wires and two binding wefts, boundbeneath binding wefts at either side, or form low float loops 53 beneaththe wires and above the two adjoining binding wefts as shown. In otherareas normal pile loops 54 raised between the two adjoining bindingwefts over a wire introduced between wefts stagger with loops 55 raisedover a binding weft and over a wire introduced with a binding weft andbound beneath alternate binding wefts, in the manner shown in Figure 2.

It is unimportant from the standpoint of the present invention whetheran end of each of the pile frames appears in every dent or in a specialthread-in, for example with lateral variation in density or alternatingof frames in various dents. It is also unimportant from the standpointof the present invention whether each of the frames is of differentcolor or different shade or whether the structural advantages of theinvention are used even when the different frames are of the same color.

It will be evident of course, that where wires are to be introduced withevery weft it is best to use a double wire motion loom introducing onewire from the left and one wire from the right or vice vers-a.

In view of my invention and disclosure variations and modifications tomeet individual whim or particular need will doubtless become evident toothers skilled in the art, to obtain all or part of the benefits of myinvention without copying the process shown, and I, therefore, claim allsuch insofar as they fall within the reasonable spirit and scope of myclaims.

Having thus described my invention what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is:

l. The process of weaving a pile fabric, which comprises interweavingtogether binder warp ends, stuffer warp ends and pile warp ends withwefts at least some of which are binding wefts, inserting a wire witheach binding weft and inserting a wire between binding wefts, raisingone set of pile warp ends in a particular pattern area over each of thewires inserted between binding wefts and binding them beneath adjoiningbinding wefts on opposite sides of such wire, raising a second group ofpile warp ends in the same pattern area over alternate wires insertedwith binding wefts and binding them beneath alternate binding wefts oneither side of such wires, and raising a third group of pile warp endsin the same pattern area over intervening alternate wires inserted withbinding wefts and binding them beneath intervening alternate bindingwefts on opposite sides of such wires, whereby a sequence of pileprojections in staggered relation is formed consisting of a first pileprojection, a second pile projection, a first pile projection and athird pile projection and then a repeat.

2. The process of weaving a pile fabric, which comprises interweavingbinder warp ends, stulfer ends, pile warp ends and wefts at least someof which are binding wefts, inserting a wire with each binding weft,inserting a wire between binding wefts, the wires inserted with thebinding wefts being of distinctly different character from the wiresinserted between wefts, raising a first group of pile warp ends in aparticular pattern area over each wire inserted between binding wefts,and binding them on op posite sides thereof beneath adjoining bindingwefts, raising a second group of pile warp ends in the same pattern areaover each alternate wire inserted with a binding weft and binding thembeneath alternate binding wefts on opposite sides thereof, and raising athird group of pile warp ends in the same pattern area over eachalternate intervening wire inserted with a binding weft and binding thembeneath alternate intervening binding wefts on either side thereof,whereby a repeat sequence of staggered pile projections is formedconsisting of a first pile projection, a second pile projection, a firstpile projection and a third pile projection.

3. The process of weaving pile fabric, which comprises interweavingbinder warp ends, stuifer warp ends, pile warp ends and wefts at leastsome of which are binding wefts, inserting a wire with each bindingweft, inserting a wire between binding wefts, raising one set of pilewarp ends in a particular area over each alternate wire inserted betweenbinding wefts and binding each pile projection beneath binding wefts, inthe same pattern area raising a second set of pile warp ends over eachintervening alternate wire inserted between binding wefts and bindingthe pile projection beneath binding wefts, and in the same pattern arearaising a third set of pile warp ends over alter nate wires insertedwith binding wefts and binding them beneath alternate binding wefts oneither side.

4. The process of weaving a pile fabric, which comprises interweavingbinder warp ends, stufter warp ends, pile warp ends and wefts at leastsome of which are binding wefts, inserting a wire with each bindingweft, inserting a wire between binding wefts, raising one set of pilewarp ends in a particular pattern area over alternate wires insertedbetween binding wefts and binding the pile projections beneath adjoiningbinding wefts, in the same pattern area raising a second set of pilewarp ends over intervening alternate wires inserted between bindingwefts and binding the pile projections beneath adjoining bind ing wefts,and in the same pattern area raising a third set of pile Warp ends overalternate wires inserted with binding wefts and binding them beneathalternate binding wefts on either side.

5. The process of weaving a pile fabric, which comprises interweavingbinder warp ends, stutter warp ends, pile warp ends and wefts at leastsome of which are binding wefts, inserting a wire with each bindingweft, inserting a wire between binding wefts, raising one set of pilewarp ends in a particular area over each alternate wire inserted betweenbinding wefts and binding each pile projection beneath binding wefts, inthe same pattern area raising a second set of pile warp ends over eachintervening alternate wire inserted between binding wefts and bindingthe pile projection beneath binding wefts, in the same pattern arearaising a third set of pile warp ends over alternate wires inserted withbinding wefts and binding them beneath alternate binding wefts on eitherside, and in the same pattern area raising a. fourth set of pile warpends over intervening alternate wires inserted with binding wefts andbinding them beneath binding wefts on either side.

6. The process of Weaving a pile fabric, which comprises interweavingtogether binder warp ends, stutter warp ends, pile warp ends and weftsat least some of which are binding wefts, inserting a wire of onecharacter with the binding wefts, inserting a wire of a differentcharacter between binding wefts, raising a first set of pile warp endsover alternate wires inserted between binding wefts and binding thembeneath binding wefts, raising a second set of pile warp ends in thesame pattern area over intervening alternate pile wires inserted betweenbinding wefts and binding them beneath binding wefts, and raising athird set of pile warp ends in the same pattern area over alternatewires inserted with binding wefts and binding them beneath spacedalternate binding wefts.

7. The process of weaving a pile fabric, which comprises interweavingtogether binder warp 7 ends, stutter warp ends, pile warpends and weftsat least some of which are binding wefts, inserting a Wire of one character with the binding wefts, inserting a wire of a different characteretween binding wefts, raising a first set of pile warp ends overalternate wires inserted between binding wefts and binding them beneathbinding wefts, raising a second set of pile warp ends in the samepattern area over intervening alternate pile wires inserted betweenbinding wefts and binding them beneath binding wefts, raising a thirdset of pile warp ends in the same pattern area over alternate wiresinserted with binding wefts and binding them beneath spaced alternatebinding wefts, and

raising a fourth set of pile warp ends over intervening alternate wiresinserted with binding wefts and binding thern beneath binding wefts oneither side.

8. The process of weaving a pile fabric, which cornprises interweavingtogether binder warp ends, stutter warp ends, pile warp ends and weftsat least some of which are binding wefts, inserting a wire with eachbinding weft, inserting a wire between binding wefts, in one patternarea raising one set of pile warp ends over alternate wires insertedwith binding wefts and binding them beneath spaced binding wefts, in thesame pattern area raising another set of pile warp ends over interveningalternate wires inserted with binding wefts and binding them beneathintervening alternate binding wefts, in a second pattern area raisingone set of pile warp ends over wires inserted between binding wefts andbinding them beneath adjoining binding wefts, and in said second patternarea raising another set of pile warp ends over two adjoining wiresinserted with binding wefts and under an intervening wire insertedbetween binding wefts and binding them beneath spaced binding wefts oneither side of said adjoining wires.

9. The process of weaving a pile fabric, which comprises interweavingtogether binder warp ends, stuffer warp ends, pile warp ends and weftsat least some of which are binding wefts, inserting a wire with eachbinding weft, inserting a wire of a different character between bindingwefts, in one pattern area raising one set of pile warp ends overalternate wires inserted with binding 1 wefts and binding them beneathspaced binding wefts, in the same pattern area raising another set ofpile warp." ends over intervening alternate wires inserted with binding;wefts and binding them beneath intervening alternatei binding wefts, ina second pattern area raising one set of pile warp ends over wiresinserted between binding wefts and binding them beneath adjoiningbinding wefts, and in said second pattern area raising another set ofpile warp ends over two adjoining wires inserted with binding wefts, andunder an intervening wire inserted between binding wefts and bindingthem beneath spaced binding wefts on either side of said adjoiningwires.

10. The process of weaving a pile fabric, which coniprises interweavingbinder warp ends, stuffer warp ends, pile warp ends and wefts at leastsome of which are binding wefts, inserting a wire with each bindingweft, inserting a wire of different character between binding wefts, inone pattern area raising one set of pile warp ends over adjoining wiresof one character and under an intervening wire of the other characterand binding said pile warp ends beneath spaced binding wefts, in saidpattern area raising another set of pile warp ends over successive wiresof said other character and binding them beneath binding wefts on eitherside, in another pattern area raising one set of pile warp ends overalternate wires inserted between wefts and binding them beneathadjoining binding wefts and in said second pattern area raising anotherset of pile warp ends over intervening alternate \w'res inserted betweenbinding wefts and binding them beneath adjoining binding wefts.

11. The process of claim 10, in which the wire of one character iscutting and the wire of the other character is noncutting.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS2,685,894 Pariin Aug. 10, 1954 2,708,457 Gebert May 15, 1955 2,720,222Hoeselbarth Oct. 11, 1955 2,759,495 Mosland Aug. 21, 1956 2,796,088Hoeselbarth June 18, 1957 2,836,201 Hoeselbarth May 27, 1958 2,853.103Mincher et a1. Sept. 23, 1958 UNHED STATES PATENT OFFICE QERTEFEQATYE OFCORRECTION Patent No e acuees April 25, 1961 Frank W E0 Hoesclicarth itis hereby certified that error appears in the above numbered patentrequiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read ascorrected belowo Column 1, line 69 before "and" insert projectionscolumn line 5'7 for "are" read as 1 I Signed scaled this 10th day ofOctober 1961.

(SEAL) Attest:

ERNEST W. SWIDER DAVID L. LADD Attesting Officer v Commissioner ofPatents USCOMM-DC

